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Objective:To investigate the expression profile of IL-36 family members in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD) and to assess the regulatory effects of exogenous IL-36 on CD8 + T cell function in CAHD patients. Methods:Twenty controls and 82 CAHD patients including 31 with stable angina pectoris (SAP), 27 with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and 24 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were enrolled in this study. Anti-coagulant peripheral blood samples were collected. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. The levels of IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36RA) in plasma were measured by ELISA. CD8 + T cells were enriched. The expression of IL-36 receptor subunits at mRNA level was semi-quantified by real time PCR. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocytes associated protein-4(CTLA-4) and lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) in CD8 + T cells. Levels of periforin, granzyme B, granulysin, IFN-γ and TNF-α in the culture supernatants of CD8 + T cells were measured by ELISA. Purified CD8 + T cells from controls and AMI patients were stimulated with recombinant human IL-36RA. Changes in the expression of immune checkpoint molecules and the secretion of cytotoxic molecules and cytokines after IL-36RA stimulation were analyzed. One-way analysis of variance or paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results:There were no significant differences in plasma IL-36α, IL-36β or IL-36γ level between the control, SAP, UAP and AMI groups ( P>0.05). Plasma IL-36RA level was significantly down-regulated in the AMI group as compared with that in the control, SAP and UAP groups[(1 159.57±297.83) pg/ml vs (1 773.47±754.29) pg/ml, (1 600.12±740.48) pg/ml and (1 578.72±720.42) pg/ml; P<0.05]. The expression of IL-1 receptor 6 (IL-1R6) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) at mRNA level, the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4, and the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD8 + T cells showed no significant differences between the four groups ( P>0.05). Periforin, granzyme B and granulysin levels secreted by CD8 + T cells of the AMI group were significantly higherthan those of the control, SAP and UAP groups ( P<0.05). In the control group, recombinant human IL-36RA stimulation did not affect the expression of immune checkpoint molecule or the secretion of cytotoxic molecules and cytokines by CD8 + T cells ( P>0.05). In the AMI group, the percentage of PD-1 + CD8 + T cells increased after recombinant human IL-36RA stimulation ( P=0.033), but no significant change in the percentage of CTLA-4 + CD8 + T cells was observed ( P=0.288). Moreover, recombinant human IL-36RA stimulation suppressed the CD8 + T cells of AMI patients to secrete periforin, granzyme B and granulysin ( P<0.05), but not affect the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The reduced IL-36RA level in AMI patients might induce the enhancement of CD8 + T cell activity by promoting CD8 + T cells to secrete cytotoxic molecules, which was involved in the immunopathogenesis of AMI.
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Objective To compare the performances of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in the preoperative staging of Borrmann type Ⅳ gastric cancer. Methods 48 patients involved in this study, all the patients had undergone surgical resection, Borrmann Type Ⅳ gastric cancer had con-firmed and evaluated by EUS and MSCT. Tumor staging was evaluated by Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging. The results from the imaging modalities were compared with postoperative histopathological outcomes. Results The overall accuracies of EUS and MSCT for the T staging category were 54.2 % and 79.2 %( = 0.009), respectively. Stratified analysis revealed that the accuracy of MSCT in T3 and T4 staging was significantly higher than that of EUS ( = 0.032 for both). The overall accuracies of EUS and MSCT for the N staging category were both 56.3%. The sensitivity and specificity of EUS and MSCT in N staging were 83.3 %/72.2 % and 66.7 %/91.7 %, respectively. Conclusion MSCT prevail over EUS for Borrmann Type Ⅳ gastric cancer patients with invasion into serosal layer or adjacent organs or with distant metastasis.
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Objective To investigate the interventional treatment timing of patients with non-ST segment elevation myocar-dial infarction with ST segment elevation in lead aVR.Methods Totally 57 cases with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarc-tion with ST segment elevation in lead aVR in our hospital from July 2010 to July 2013 were selected.They were divided into two groups,30 cases in group A and they were given emergency PCI treatment with in 12 hours of onset,27 cases in group B and they were given emergency PCI treatment within 12-24 hours of onset.Compare the therapeutic efficacy and adverse cardiovascular e-vents after discharge.Results Therapeutic efficacy of group A was better than group B after 1,6,12 month follow up and rate of adverse cardiovascular events of group A was shorter than group B.Conclusion Emergency PCI treatment within 12 hours can im-prove the prognosis of patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation in lead aVR.
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To investigate the effect of treatment on prognosis of patients with different timing of early interventional treatment for non-ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]. Forty two cases above 75 years old, diagnosed with high-risk on NSTEMi, were selected in cardiology department of Xinxiang central hospital. They were randomly divided into two groups: 22 in group A and 20 in group B. Group A was performed PCI surgery within 12 hours after the onset while group B from 12 to 24 hour after the onset. Major adverse cardiovascular events [including death, heart failure readmission rates after ischemia, malignant arrhythmias, again target vessel revascularization] and bleeding data were recorded at the three terms of hospitalization, one month after the onset and six months after the onset. Angina, malignant arrhythmia and heart failure during hospitalization can be reduced after interventional treatment carried out within 12 hours after the onset. Readmission rates after ischemia, heart failure and the incidence of death can be significantly reduced after interventional treatment carried out during 1-6 month after the onset with no significant increase in bleeding rate. In the treatment of elderly patients with NSTEMI, early interventional treatment is safe and effective
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A simple hollow fiber based centrifuge ultrafiltration pretreatment procedure has been developed for the analysis of active components with high polarity in Chinese traditional and herbal drugs which usually contain macromolecule impurities. The procedure combined with HPLC was applied to the determination of hesperidin in Huoxiangzhengqi water. Sample solutions were purified by our patent hollow fiber centrifuge ultrafiltration device. Under the effect of the centrifgual force, micromolecules were removed from solution samples, thus it increased the service life of the column. The accuracy and repeatability of this method have also been improved. The separation was carried out on a Promosil C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with methanol -0.5% acetic acid solution (35:65) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detector wavelength was 283 nm and the column temperature was 30 degrees C. A good linear relation was obtained in the range of 4.69 - 150 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 7) and the average recovery was 103.0% with RSD of 1.9%. This method is simple, rapid and accurate, and it provides a simple and cheap ultrafiltration means for the analysis of the polar components in Chinese traditional and herbal drugs.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hesperidin , Ultrafiltration , MethodsABSTRACT
To develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of epirubicin hydrochloride (EPI) in rat plasma, daunorubicin hydrochloride was used as internal standard. The plasma samples were deproteinated with methanol, and separation was performed on a reversed-phase CAPCELL PAK C18 column (3.0 mm x 50 mm, 3 microm). The mobile phase contained methanol-0.1% formic acid (80:20). Detection was carried out by multiple reaction monitoring on a HP1200-6410 QQQ LC/MS system. Different preparations of EPI solution, EPI-LIP (EPI-liposome) and EPI-LTSL (EPI-thermosensitive liposome) was administered in rats by i.v with the same dosage (12 mg kg(-1)). The pharmacokinetic model and parameters were fitted and calculated by the DAS ver2.0 software. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.01-50 microg mL(-1). The limit of quantification was 0.01 microg mL(-1). RSDs of intra- and interbatch precisions were all less than 11.9%. The average extract recovery was 89.3% and 92.1%, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of EPI in rats with all preparations were fitted to three compartments, which all fast distributed and slowly eliminated. The t1/2 alpha, t1/2 beta, t1/2 gamma, AUC(0-infinity), and MRT(0-infinity) of EPI-LTSL group were 7.5, 1.3, 12.6, 12.9, 3.7 times those of EPI solution group; and 1.6, 1.4, 12.3, 2.9, 2.6 times those of EPI-LIP group. Moreover, the CL of the latter two groups was about 13.4 times of the former EPI-LTSL group. EPI-LTSL can significantly improve AUC and prolong the circulation time of EPI in rat plasma.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the HPLC method for content determination of Azithromycin suspension.METHODS:The determination was performed on Venusil XBP-C18(L) (150 mm?4.6 mm,5?m) column with mobile phase consisted of 0.05 mol?L-1 dipotassium phosphate (pH value adjusted to 8.2 by 20% phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile (45:55) at flow rate of 1.2 mL?min-1.Injection volume was 20 ?L and UV detection wavelength was set at 210 nm.RESULTS:The good resolution between peaks of azithromycin and that of adjacent purity was more than 1.5.The linear range of azithromycin was 0.01～5 mg?mL-1 (r= 0.999 9) with an average recovery of 98.83%(RSD=0.54%,n=6).The precision of intra-day,inter-day and with-day were all lower than 2.5%.CONCLUSION:The method is specific and accurate for the content determination of Azithromycin suspension.
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Objective To investigate the dose fraction of gamma knife treatment brain deep larger glioma clinical efficacy.Methods To adopt rotating gamma knife in dose fraction treatment of brain deep larger(d＞3 cm),64 cases of gliomas,were installed stereotactic head frame can repeat accessories,for a day,for two consecutive days to five,each around 5-10 Gy for each treatment,fixed the first-place after the removal,the next treatment repeat.ReslIlts After 6 to 24 months of follow-up was 57 patients,complete response(CR)in 8 cases,partial response(PR)in 29 cases,the total efficiency of 64.9%,no change(NC)in 14 cases,clinical benefit rate of 83.4%,progressive disease(PD)in 6 cases.Brain edema response after treatment was the major side effects.Conclusion For deep larger brain glioma,dose fraction of gamma knife treatment was clearly effective recently,it could ease symptoms and improve quality of life.
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OBJECTIVE: To develop a pre-column derivatization HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of the contents of alendronate and the related substance ?-aminobutyric acid in alendronate tablets.METHODS: After AccQ pre-column derivatization,the sample was determined with Diamonsil C18 column used as stationary phase and acetonitrile-35 mmol?L-1 acetate buffer solution(13.5∶86.5,V/V) as a mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.7 mL?min-1 and the column temperature was set at 35 ℃.RESULTS: Alendronate and ?-aminobutyric acid were well-separated and able to be determined simultaneously,with their linear ranges at 30.9～990 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 6) and 0.307～960 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9),respectively and their average recovery rates at 99.3～100.8% and 99.3～100.2%,respectively.The intra-day RSDs of both were no more than 0.8% and their inter-day RSDs were no more than 1.9%.CONCLUSIONS: The method is simple,selective and suitable for the determination of alendronate and the related substance ?-aminobutyric acid of alendronate tablets.